Hybrid Avice Combiner/Circulator

The hybrid active combiner and circulators serves as a coupler and is a three port network that integrates a directional coupler topology with active devices placed in the coupling paths in order to synthesize a low-loss active combiner circuit or a circulator device with minimal insertion losses. The coupler can have multiple stage amplifiers with transconductance values set according the Pascal''s triangle for improved performance, and can function as a low cost and low weight transceiver well suited for various communications systems.